Método de extracción y detección de antígenos de Anisakis en alimentos destinados al consumo humano o animal

Método de extracción y detección de antígenos de Anisakis en alimentos destinados al consumo humano o animal. La presente invención se refiere a un método de extracción y detección de alérgenos de parásitos de pescado en muestras alimentarias para el consumo humano o animal. La extracción se basa en aplicar soluciones con baja fuerza iónica, homogeneización, sonicación y diferentes pH a diversos tipos de pescado ya sean frescos o tratados. La detección se basa en métodos inmunoquímicos mediante el uso de anticuerpos policlonales que permiten detectar proteínas antigénicas del parásito así como anticuerpos policlonales que permiten detectar el alérgeno Ani s 4, que por sus características físico-químicas resiste el tratamiento térmico del alimento. El método es sensible, ya que se puede detectar Ani s 4 en cantidades inferiores a 1ppm con tasas de recuperación mayores a un 65%. El método descrito es específico ya que no muestra reactividad cruzada con componentes de las distintas matrices ensayadas.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Carlos IIIB1 Patente sin examen previ

Método de extracción y detección de antígenos de Anisakis en alimentos destinados al consumo humano o animal

Método de extracción y detección de antígenos de Anisakis en alimentos destinados al consumo humano o animal. La presente invención se refiere a un método de extracción y detección de alérgenos de parásitos de pescado en muestras alimentarias para el consumo humano o animal. La extracción se basa en aplicar soluciones con baja fuerza iónica, homogeneización, sonicación y diferentes pH a diversos tipos de pescado ya sean frescos o tratados. La detección se basa en métodos inmunoquímicos mediante el uso de anticuerpos policlonales que permiten detectar proteínas antigénicas del parásito así como anticuerpos policlonales que permiten detectar el alérgeno Ani s 4, que por sus características físico-químicas resiste el tratamiento térmico del alimento. El método es sensible, ya que se puede detectar Ani s 4 en cantidades inferiores a 1ppm con tasas de recuperación mayores a un 65%. El método descrito es específico ya que no muestra reactividad cruzada con componentes de las distintas matrices ensayadas.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Carlos IIIA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Autofluorescence as a tool for structural analysis of biofilms formed by nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria

The structure of biofilms formed by seven nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria, including saprophytes and opportunistic species, was analyzed. Analysis included amount of covered surface, thickness, cell viability, and presence of intrinsic autofluorescence at different times using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. Autofluorescence was detected inside and outside cells of all mycobacteriaThis study was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science (FUNCOAT CSD 2008-00023

Sonication of Abdominal Drains : Clinical Implications of Quantitative Cultures for the Diagnosis of Surgical Site Infection

Background: The use of drains in patients undergoing abdominal surgery has been a subject of debate for several decades. In this paper, the usefulness of quantitative cultures of sonicated abdominal drains for diagnosing surgical site of infection (SSI) and the association between culture results with patient outcome is evaluated. Methods: Forty-five abdominal drainage tubes from 35 patients who underwent abdominal surgery were studied. Samples were sonicated for 5 min, the sonicate was centrifuged, and the sediment was cultured on different media. Total bacterial counts were adjusted to the actual surface of the drainage tubing. Clinical information of the patients was reviewed retrospectively. Results: A relation was observed between SSI and the use of drains for more than 3 d (p = 0.0216). The presence of a suspected pathogen was related to the prevalence of SSI (p = 0.035), complications (p = 0.013), and greater leukocyte count (p = 0.048 Mann Whitney test), as well as to the use of drains for more than 3 d (p = 0.0386) and to the serous appearance of the exudates at the point of insertion of the drain (p = 0.0399). The sonication procedure showed a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 84.2%, positive predictive value of 72.72%, and negative predictive value of 66.67% in the diagnosis of SSI. The most commonly isolated group of organisms was coagulase-negative staphylococci, being present in 18 patients (51.43%) who, however, were not associated with SSI. One or two organisms considered as pathogens were detected in 11 patients (31.43%). The more common pathogens detected were Enterobacteriae spp. (nine patients): Enterobacter aerogenes (2), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Escherichia coli (4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), Morganella morganii (1); and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (five patients). Candida spp. and Enterococcus spp. were detected in one patient each one. Conclusions: The detection and quantification of organisms not present in skin microbiota after drain sonication is helpful in the diagnosis of SSI and it is associated with a worse outcome in patients. Duration of use of drainage tubes is an independent risk factor for the development of SSI.Peer reviewe

Gender, albuminuria and chronic kidney disease progression in treated diabetic kidney disease

Background: Women are reported to have a lower incidence of renal replacement therapy, despite a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim: To analyze diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression in men and women. Methods: Prospective cohort: n = 261, 35% women, new consecutive nephrology DKD referrals. Results: Women smoked less and better complied with the dietary phosphate and sodium restrictions. Despite a less frequent nephrology referral, women had lower baseline albuminuria. Over a 30 + - 10-month follow-up, albuminuria decreased in women and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss was slower than in men. However, the percentage of rapid progressors was similar in both sexes. The best multivariate model predicting rapid progression in men (area under curve (AUC) = 0.92) and women differed. Albuminuria and fractional excretion of phosphate (FEphosphate) were part of the men multivariable model, but not of women. The AUC for the prediction of rapid progression by albuminuria was higher in men than in women, and the albuminuria cut-off points also differed. In women, there was a higher percentage of rapid progressors who had baseline physiological albuminuria. Conclusions: Female DKD differs from male DKD: albuminuria was milder and better responsive to therapy, the loss of eGFR was slower and the predictors of rapid progression differed from men: albuminuria was a better predictor in men than in women. Lifestyle factors may contribute to the differencesThis work and the APC was funded by FIS grant numbers CP14/00133, PI16/02057, PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, National Institute of Health (2R01AI063331), ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM, Miguel Servet MS14/00133 to M.D.S.-N. and A.B.S. and Cátedra Mundipharma UAM. IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Biobank, part of the Spanish Biobanks Platform (PT17/0015/0006)

Beneficial effects of manually assisted chiropractic adjusting instrument in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by injury of all joint tissues. Our previous study showed that in experimental osteoporosis, chiropractic manipulation (CM) exerts protective effects on bone. We here assessed whether CM might ameliorate OA by improving subchondral bone sclerosis, cartilage integrity and synovitis. Male New-Zealand rabbits underwent knee surgery to induce OA by anterior cruciate ligament injury. CM was performed using the chiropractic instrument ActivatorV 3 times/week for 8 weeks as follows: force 2 setting was applied to the tibial tubercle of the rabbit right hind limb (TM-OA), whereas the corresponding left hind limb received a false manipulation (FM-OA) consisting of ActivatorV firing in the air and slightly touching the tibial tubercle. After sacrifice, subchondral bone integrity was assessed in the tibiae by microCT and histology. Cartilage damage and synovitis were estimated by Mankin's and Krenn's scores, respectively, and histological techniques. Bone mineral density and content in both cortical and trabecular compartments of subchondral bone decreased in OA rabbits compared to controls, but partially reversed in the TM-OA group. Trabecular bone parameters in the latter group also showed a significant improvement compared to FM-OA group. Moreover RANKL, OPG, ALP and TRAP protein expression in subchondral bone significantly decreased in TM-OA rabbits with respect to FM-OA group. CM was associated with lower Mankin's and Krenn's scores and macrophage infiltrate together with a decreased protein expression of pro-inflammatory, fibrotic and angiogenic factors, in TM-OA rabbits with respect to FM-OA. Our results suggest that CM may mitigate OA progression by improving subchondral bone as well as cartilage and synovial membrane status.AODM was supported by grants from the Spanish Chiropractic Association (AEQ). AM was supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Carlos III Institute of Health (CP15/00053 and PI16/00991). We thank Dr. Carlos Guillén-Viejo (School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid) for his help in advising in molecular biology methods. The authors are also grateful to Mark S. Davis for his assistance with editing and proofreading the article.S

Nosocomial transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: results from a risk-based assessment of surgical interventions

OBJECTIVES: Evidence of surgical transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) remains debatable in part due to misclassification of exposure levels. In a registry-based case-control study, the authors applied a risk-based classification of surgical interventions to determine the association between a history of surgery and sCJD. DESIGN: Case-control study, allowing for detailed analysis according to time since exposure. SETTING: National populations of Denmark and Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: From national registries of Denmark and Sweden, the authors included 167 definite and probable sCJD cases with onset during the period 1987-2003, 835 age-, sex- and residence-matched controls and 2224 unmatched. Surgical procedures were categorised by anatomical structure and presumed risk of transmission level. The authors used logistic regression to determine the odds ratio (OR) for sCJD by surgical interventions in specified time-windows before disease-onset. RESULTS: From comparisons with matched controls, procedures involving retina and optic nerve were associated with an increased risk at a latency of ≥1 year OR (95% CI) 5.53 (1.08 to 28.0). At latencies of 10 to 19 years, interventions on peripheral nerves 4.41 (1.17 to 16.6) and skeletal muscle 1.58 (1.01 to 2.48) were directly associated. Interventions on blood vessels 4.54 (1.01 to 20.0), peritoneum 2.38 (1.14 to 4.96) and skeletal muscle 2.04 (1.06 to 3.92), interventions conducted by vaginal approach 2.26 (1.14 to 4.47) and a pooled category of lower-risk procedures 2.81 (1.62 to 4.88) had an increased risk after ≥20 years. Similar results were found when comparing with unmatched controls. INTERPRETATION: This observation is in concordance with animal models of prion neuroinvasion and is likely to represent a causal relation of surgery with a non-negligible proportion of sCJD cases.Funding was obtained from The Research Commission EU, Concerted Action QLRG3-CT-2002-81223, NEUROPRION, and the Spanish RECSP C03-09, CIEN C03-06 and CIBERNED networks.S

Sialolithiasis: mineralogical composition, crystalline structure, calculus site, and epidemiological features

The purpose of this paper was to describe the characteristics of salivary calculi and their relationship to epidemiological factors, through a cross-sectional study. We analysed 100 calculi obtained in 2017–2021. Patient data including age, time since onset of symptoms, gland involved, and site of location in the salivary system were studied. The calculi were studied to determine their morphological features using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive plain radiographic analysis. Most of the calculi had formed in the submandibular gland (SG) (82%). The mean age of patients at onset was 45.83 years; patients presenting parotid gland (PG) stones were somewhat older (p = 0.031). The mean time since the onset of symptoms was longer in PG calculi (p = 0.038). The most common lithiasis site was the main duct (74%), followed by the hilum (22%). Hilar stones were the largest (p < 0.05) and heaviest (p = 0.028). Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was the most common crystalline phase (Cp) founded, followed by hydroxyapatite (HA) and whitlockite (WH). Specifically, OCP had a higher presence in PG calculi (p = 0.029) and WH was the most common phase in SG calculi (p = 0.017). The most prevalent site of lithiasis was the main duct, and the largest and heaviest calculi were found in the SG. PG stones were associated with a longer history of symptoms and older age. OCP was the most frequent Cp of the calculi studied, and the main Cp in PG stones. WH was the predominant Cp in SG stones. The Cp of the calculi was not influenced by location, patient age, or time of symptoms.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Late-in-life surgery associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a methodological outline for evidence-based guidance

BACKGROUND: There is increasing epidemiological evidence of etiological links between general surgery and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) with long incubation periods. The purpose of this study was to identify specific surgical procedures potentially associated with sCJD to be targeted for preventive presurgical-intervention guidance. RESULTS: We propose a three-step clinical guidance outline where surgical procedures associated with sCJD clinical onset – potentially more contaminant - are taken into account. Data on hospital discharges and surgical procedures were obtained from Danish and Swedish national in-patient hospital registries for 167 sCJD cases, onset 1987–2003, and for 835 matched and 2,224 unmatched population controls. Surgery was allocated to different life-time periods as previously reported, and frequencies were compared using logistic regression analysis. In the year preceding clinical onset, persons with sCJD underwent a statistically significant higher number of minor surgical interventions (OR (95% CI): 17.50 (3.64-84.24)), transluminal endoscopies (OR: 2.73 (1.01–7.37)) and gastrointestinal operations (OR: 3.51 (1.21–10.19)) compared to matched controls. Surgical discharges clustered towards clinical onset. These differences increased during the clinical period, with statistically significant higher frequencies for both endoscopies and minor surgery (OR: 13.91 (5.87-32.95), and for main surgical procedures (OR: 2.10 (1.00-4.39)), particularly gastrointestinal surgery (OR: 6.00 (1.83-19.66)), and surgery contacting skeletal muscle. Comparisons with unmatched controls yielded similar results for neurosurgery in the clinical period (OR: 19.40 (2.22-168.34)). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that some types of surgical procedures are associated with sCJD, after clinical onset or particularly just before onset. Selective planning of such surgery to minimize instrument/device contamination or quarantining might be feasible. Conditional to progress in sCJD etiological research, results are relevant for guidance development

Perinatal adverse effects in newborns with estimated loss of weight percentile between the third trimester ultrasound and delivery. The GROWIN study

Fetal growth restriction has been associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). We determined the importance of fetal growth detention (FGD) in late gestation for the occurrence of APOs in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns. For this purpose, we analyzed a retrospective cohort study of 1067 singleton pregnancies. The newborns with higher APOs were SGA non-FGD and SGA FGD in 40.9% and 31.5% of cases, respectively, and we found an association between SGA non-FGD and any APO (OR 2.61; 95% CI: 1.35–4.99; p = 0.004). We did not find an increased APO risk in AGA FGD newborns (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.59; p = 0.483), except for cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS) with a decrease in percentile cutoff greater than 40 (RR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.11–5.21) and 50 (RR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.14–7.54). Conclusions: Newborns with the highest probability of APOs are SGA non-FGDs. AGA FGD newborns do not have a higher incidence of APOs than AGA non-FGDs, although with falls in percentile cutoff over 40, they have an increased risk of cesarean section due to NRFS. Further studies are warranted to detect these newborns who would benefit from close surveillance in late gestation and at delivery